nurse tree

citrate is formed by the condensation of acetyl-coa with oxaloacetate, catalyzed by citrate synthase

通过柠檬酸合酶的催化，柠檬酸由草酰乙酸作用的乙酰辅酶A的浓缩来形成

formation of oxaloacetate in a mitochondrion

线粒体中草酰乙酸的形成

stimulation of oxygen consumption by oxaloacetate and malate

草酰乙酸和苹果酸对氧消耗的促进

synthesis of oxaloacetate by the citric acid cycle

柠檬酸循环合成草酰乙酸

The oxaloacetate level in the mitochondria is determined by the redox state.

线粒体中草酰乙酸水平又取决于氧化还原状态.

why was the amount of oxygen consumed so much greater than the amount necessary to completely oxidize the added oxaloacetate or malate?

为什么加入草酰乙酸或苹果酸后耗氧量比完全氧化所需的多出如此之多？

since the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to oxaloacetate , it is converted to malate by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase.

因为线粒体内膜是不能通透草酰乙酸的，所以它被线粒体的苹果酸脱氢酶转化为苹果酸。

Malate dehydrogenase ( EC 1.1.1.37, MDH) is one of the key enzymes in TCA cycle, it reversibly catalyzes the convertion of malic acid and oxaloacetate.

苹果酸脱氢酶（EC1.1.1.37，MDH）是生物体三羧酸循环（TCA）的关键酶之一，它在柠檬酸循环中催化苹果酸形成草酰乙酸，也可以催化草酰乙酸形成苹果酸。

effects of oxaloacetate and malate on photosynthesis in leaves and in intact chloroplasts from spinach

草酰乙酸和苹果酸对菠菜叶片和完整叶绿体光合作用的影响

in addition to re-forming oxaloacetate , the cycle produces carbon dioxide and the energy-rich compound atp.

除了再生成的草醯乙酸，生成二氧化碳和富有能量的混合三磷酸腺（ATP）。

this leaves the mitochondrion and is converted back to oxaloacetate in the cytosol by cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase.

苹果酸离开线粒体，在胞质溶胶中被苹果酸脱氢酶又转变回到草酰乙酸。